Information om | Engelska ordet LIKELIHOODS

Exempel på hur man kan använda LIKELIHOODS i en mening

• In statistics, the likelihood-ratio test is a hypothesis test that involves comparing the goodness of fit of two competing statistical models, typically one found by maximization over the entire parameter space and another found after imposing some constraint, based on the ratio of their likelihoods.
• Another approximation, derived by applying Laplace's approximation to the integrated likelihoods, is known as the Bayesian information criterion (BIC); in large data sets the Bayes factor will approach the BIC as the influence of the priors wanes.
• Where fissile materials are handled in civil and military installations, specially trained personnel are employed to carry out such calculations and ensure that all reasonably practicable measures are used to prevent criticality accidents, during both planned normal operations and any potential process upset conditions that cannot be dismissed on the basis of negligible likelihoods (reasonably foreseeable accidents).
• A hidden Markov model (HMM) is a probabilistic model that can assign likelihoods to all possible combinations of gaps, matches, and mismatches, to determine the most likely MSA or set of possible MSAs.
• Key papers include Albert and Chib (1993) which introduced an approach for binary and categorical response models based on latent variables that simplifies the Bayesian analysis of categorical response models; Chib and Greenberg (1995) which provided a derivation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm from first principles, guidance on implementation and extensions to multiple-block versions; Chib (1995) where a new method for calculating the marginal likelihood from the Gibbs output is developed; Chib and Jeliazkov (2001) where the method of Chib (1995) is extended to output of Metropolis-Hastings chains; Basu and Chib (2003) for a method for finding marginal likelihoods in Dirichlet process mixture models; Carlin and Chib (1995) which developed a model-space jump method for Bayesian model choice via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; Chib (1998) which introduced a multiple-change point model that is estimated by the methods of Albert and Chib (1993) and Chib (1996) for hidden Markov processes; Kim, Shephard and Chib (1998) which introduced an efficient inference approach for univariate and multivariate stochastic volatility models; and Chib and Greenberg (1998) which developed the Bayesian analysis of the multivariate probit model.

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