Information om | Engelska ordet P-VALUES

Exempel på hur man kan använda P-VALUES i en mening

• For large sample sizes, the t-test procedure gives almost identical p-values as the Z-test procedure.
• Even though reporting p-values of statistical tests is common practice in academic publications of many quantitative fields, misinterpretation and misuse of p-values is widespread and has been a major topic in mathematics and metascience.
• The term p-hacking (in reference to p-values) was coined in a 2014 paper by the three researchers behind the blog Data Colada, which has been focusing on uncovering such problems in social sciences research.
• Statisticians Tim Van der Zee, Jordan Anaya, and Nicholas Brown analyzed four of the five papers (referred to as "the pizza papers"), and found conclusions not supported by the data presented, and a total of 150 questionable numbers, such as impossible values, incorrect ANOVA results, and dubious p-values.
• His 2014 paper, An investigation of the false discovery rate and the misinterpretation of p-values, contributed to the p-value debate, and to the discussion of reproducibility in science.
• Since 2013, in collaboration with Ole Andreassen at the University of Oslo, and using GWAS summary statistics (p-values and odds ratios), Dale has developed and validated methods for evaluating genetic overlap (pleiotropy) across diseases and phenotypes.
• The aim of ORA is to identify such enriched pathways, judging by statistical significance of the overlap between FGS and AGS as determined either by an appropriate statistic, such as Jaccard index or by a statistical test producing p-values (Fisher's exact test or the test using hypergeometric distribution).
• Frequentist inference uses p-values and confidence intervals to control error rates in the limit of infinite perfect replications.
• It is also useful when the researchers wish to eliminate confounders in observational studies as stratified random sampling allows the adjustments of covariances and the p-values for more accurate results.
• Moreover, using a three-way model with Nuragic Sardinians, as well as "potential sources from various ancient samples that are representative of different regions of the Mediterranean", it was determined that "models with the largest p-values return fractions of Nuragic ancestry that are close to, or higher than 50%".

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