Synonymer & Information om | Engelska ordet PYGOSTYLE

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• Rumpless chickens are characterised by caudal dysplasia, the absence of the pygostyle or caudal appendage – the "parson's nose".
• A significant number of fossilized bones were recovered, including: cranial fragments, a mandible, teeth, three cervical vertebrae, four dorsal vertebrae, four dorsal ribs, two sacral vertebrae, twenty-five caudal vertebrae with a pygostyle, three chevrons, an incomplete furcula and scapula, both coracoids, both forelimbs, both ilia, an incomplete pubis, an incomplete ischium, a femur, both tibiae (one incomplete), an incomplete fibula, the astragalus and calcaneum, several tarsals, metatarsals, manual and pedal unguals, and skin impressions of the primitive plumage.
• While the earliest forms, such as Archaeopteryx and Shenzhouraptor, retained the long bony tails of their ancestors, the tails of more advanced avialans were shortened with the advent of the pygostyle bone in the group Pygostylia.
• Oviraptorosaurs are fairly known to have developed feathers, as seen on feathered specimens of Caudipteryx and the pygostyle of several oviraptorids.
• The pygostyle replaced the longer, unfused tail found in more primitive avialans such as Archaeopteryx, and may have served to improve flight.
• Inferring from the features of other enantiornitheans, Concornis also likely possessed a long, narrow pygostyle which connected to a single pair of ribbon-like tail feathers, rather than a fan-like tail of pennaceous feathers as in modern birds.
• They interpreted the anatomies of the two as very similar and sharing key autapomorphies of the pygostyle.
• They interpreted the anatomies of the two as very similar and sharing key autapomorphies of the pygostyle.
• They possessed a rhynchokinetic skull with relatively unfused cranial bones, a weakly fused pygostyle and a splenial.
• Ellenberger claimed that the vertebrae were fused into a rod-like pygostyle and lacked haemal spines (chevrons), but both of these were later debunked by Sanz & López-Martínez (1984) and Saller (2016).
• The specific name is derived from the Latin words eury, meaning broad, and caudatus, meaning tail, in reference to the broad and expanded pygostyle (the last fused vertebrae of a bird's tail).
• It consists of a partial postcranial skeleton without a skull, including 3 cervical and 2 thoracic vertebrae, a pygostyle, a furcula, the xiphoid process of the sternum, a fragment of the left scapula and a coracoid, the humerus, ulna, and radius with fragments of the manus, several fused fragments of the pelvic girdle, and some elements of the hind limbs.
• Paratype fossils of the species consist of isolated bones; a distal fragmentary half of left coracoid, the right subcomplete coracoid, a left complete ulna, left complete radius, right complete carpometacarpus, the distal end of a right femur, the cranial end of pygostyle and a rib fragment without ends.
• The only other non-avian theropod that are known to have had a pygostyle are certain oviraptorosaurs and therizinosaurs.
• This specimen consists of some thoracic vertebrae, the pygostyle, the majority of the pectoral girdle, a partial right humerus, partial ulnae, partial carpometacarpi, carpal bones, wing phalanges, a partial pelvis, a right tarsometatarsus, and several pedal phalanges.

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